Howard – Some Remembrances of World War II

Some Remembrances of World War II

Dr. John A. Howard
Senior Fellow, The Howard Center

For the Hallstrom Home-School Association ,
April 2010

On
December 7, 1941, when the Japanese Air Force attacked Pearl Harbor, our huge
navy base in Hawaii, and tore up the ship yards and sank many of our warships,
it was a thunderbolt that exploded in every living room in America.
You can’t imagine the terrible shock.
The battles and bombing in Europe which we had been reading about for two
years were instantly no longer just tragic news stories, but a real and terrible
thing. We, too, were in a war.

At
that time and in the months that followed many Americans volunteered for
military service and millions were drafted by the U.S. Government for military
duty soldiering in whatever armed service to which they were assigned.
In those days, the American people loved their country.
And they were very proud of it.

The
people in our battalion were farmers, factory workers, accountants, dishwashers,
grocers, truck drivers, athletes, couch potatoes, college graduates, high-school
drop-outs a whole United nations of people whose families had come from many
different countries.

It was
the Army’s task to transform this variety of talents and experiences and
attitudes into a physically fit, alert fighting force skilled in the use of
various weapons, vehicles, and many other areas of critically important
knowledge. Just think about that
requirement of training millions of Americans to be able to perform in work they
knew nothing about.
And yet, the American military forces carried it out.
A modern miracle!

I
entered the U.S. Army in August of 1942 and was sent with a couple of hundred
men all from Illinois, to Camp Grant here in Rockford.
Until they decided where we were going, they put us through a tough
program of training for physical fitness, with exercises, long marches, and
obstacle courses. They also taught
us how to take apart, clean, care for and shoot the basic army rifle.

In
October, we boarded trains to take us to Camp Bowie in a desert area of central
Texas to become a tank battalion. We
learned how to load and fire and maintain the tank’s big cannon and the large
machine gun on top of the turret and the small machine gun in the front of the
tank. We learned how to drive it
and store the ammunition inside. We
had maneuvers with other military outfits simulating combat fighting.
After ten months of training we were sent to New York to board the Queen
Elizabeth, one of the earliest very large ocean liners.
Fifteen thousand of us! Forty-five
soldiers were assigned to every bedroom. There
were five banks of three beds, one above another around the walls.
We had eight hours for sleeping and then had to get out for the next
group and its eight-hour sleep time. And
then the next group also assigned to our bedroom, so the beds were in constant
use. When we left the bedroom, we
went to the dining rooms, where meals were served continually.
We ate twice more before returning to the bedroom, and the rest of the
time we were on the decks or in the lounges.

As the
ship left the New York harbor we looked for the navy space ships that would be
our escort across the Atlantic to keep us safe from the German navy.
There was no escort. Gulp!
Then we learned the Queen Elizabeth travelled faster than German
submarines and other war ships. After
five days of good weather, we arrived in Scotland.
We were welcomed with cheers and applause and bagpipe music and hundreds
of women serving us tea and cakes and tearful thanks to us for joining in the
war against Hitler.

From
Scotland we took a long train ride to a camp near Swindon in south central
England.
It was a night trip and the black-out curtains were closed
but we could see around the edges bombs bursting on the horizon as the German
air force continued their night time destruction of targets in England they had
been attacking for almost two years. Already
we were experiencing war.

In
England, from our arrival at the end of August until the Normandy invasion ten
months later we had various kinds of special training.

One of the skills we had to learn was map-reading.
Just how important that was I suddenly learned when I was assigned to be
the lead vehicle in taking the entire battalion from south central England all
the way to Land’s End at the Western tip of the country.
When you are leading a column of thirty-six tanks and probably seventy
other vehicles, you don’t want to take a wrong turn.
That would be the ultimate night-mare.

Well,
hour after hour, things went along pretty well and then, suddenly, we came to an
impasse. We were going through a
small town and the road, which was very narrow took a sharp right turn.
There was no way we could get the tanks around that corner.
I stopped the whole column and got out to check and there was no way
through. So I radioed headquarters
and asked, “What are we to do now?” The
colonel said the reconnaissance people had said we probably couldn’t get
through. There was no alternate
route. Just beyond the town
was the only bridge over a river that could stand the weight of a tank.
We had to get to Land’s end to take special training in recognizing
enemy air craft. I would simply
have to use my tank to take out the corner of the house.
Our tanks weighed thirty-two tons, sixty-four thousand pounds, so it
could go through the walls of a house. When
the Colonel told me that, I exclaimed “You’ve got to be kidding!”
“I am not!” said the Colonel.
“Go do it.”

So I
knocked on the door of the house. An
old man opened it and was terrified at the size and the noise and the number of
the tanks. I explained why we had
to get through and what we had to do. He
said “You can’t do that! This
house was built in 1686!” I told
him the United States Government would pay him well for the trouble we caused
and he had ten minutes to clear the furniture.
Guess what? Three weeks
later when we returned, he was just finishing the house repairs.

The
last few months we were in England, we became a training center for new recruits
fresh from the United States to learn how to be a tanker.
We graduated three thousand students in this program who would be sent as
replacements for casualties. When
American officers were casualties, the army selected able and combat-experienced
soldiers and commissioned them as officer.
I received one of those battlefield commissions during the war.

Our
battalion landed in Normandy on D-Day. It
involved more than 4,000 invasion ships, 600 warships, 10,000 airplanes and
176,000 allied troops. More than a
thousand soldiers were killed on Omaha Beach where our battalion and others
landed.
God was looking out for me that day.
Our platoon had never received our Sherman tanks equipped
with assault guns. We had been
operating in light tanks for the nine months we had been in England.
We got word that our real tanks had finally arrived, so I took our three
drivers down to the railroad depot to get them.
Shortly after we left our invasion camp was closed for the D-Day assault
and nobody could get in or out. As
a result the three drivers and I landed in France with our new tanks three days
after D-Day when the fighting on the beaches was over.

After
the invasion we were under enemy fire much of the time for the eleven months
until the German surrender in May. In
September, the allied forces had reached the Rhine river, a very large one,
almost as wide as the Mississippi. It
was the border between Germany and France.
The Germans had blown up the bridges to stall the allies advance.
However, most of the explosives placed on the Remagen bridge
had failed to explode but it was weakened and the allied commanders wanted to
rush as many troops as possible across while it was still standing.

Our
battalion was one of the first to cross. The
bridge was in the beautiful old city of Bonn, Beethoven’s birth place.
As platoon commander, I had to report for orders to a beautiful old home
on the French side of the river which had been taken over as a military
headquarters. There was a very
large elegant piano in the living room and I started to play it while we waited.
A woman came down the elegant stairway and said, “Madame does not allow
the Americans to play her piano.” I
said “Oh!”
Very soon a majestic lady, very beautifully dressed, came
down the stairs and said, “I must apologize for the rudeness of my companion.
It is a joy we forget about in war time that all people share a love of
good music. That Chopin waltz you
were playing is one of my favorites.” I
asked her if she would play it for me. She
smiled and sat down and did. It
turned out she was Madame Hilda Gommersbach, a retired and greatly acclaimed
opera singer.

We
crossed the bridge and immediately encountered the Siegfried Line an imposing
military fortification the Germans had built along the Rhine river.
It included large concrete triangular blocks which they called Dragon’s
Teeth. They were placed close
enough together so that tanks couldn’t get between them.
If a tank tried to go over them, it would get hung up on
them. During the war, Americans
invented new ways to deal with new problems.
They had welded bull-dozer blades on the front of some tanks and they
could move the dragon’s teeth aside. We
started up the steep hill along the river and suddenly a swarm of Germans came
down the hill in a major attack. I
had to make a quick decision. We
couldn’t use our big cannons against them even though we had ammunition that
would explode in the air covering a large area, because the shells would go over
their heads.

However,
the shells for our assault gun cannons had two-parts, the explosive part on the
front and a removable back chamber containing five powder bags to propel the
explosive missile toward the target. The
more bags you used the farther the missile went.
We had instructions not to use less than two bags.
I thought we were goners anyway, so I radioed the three tank commanders
to start firing with just one powder bag. The
chance I took worked. The shells
exploded where the enemy was and ended the attack.
I received an award for that success, but my gamble could have been a
disaster if the shells had exploded while still in the cannons.

In
December, Hitler’s troops mounted a large and very powerful attack in an
effort to break through the allied front and capture the ammunition dumps and
supply depots of the harbor cities from which came all the food, gasoline, new
trucks and jeeps and tanks and ammunition to carry on the war.
If that campaign had been successful, Hitler might have won the war.
A heavy fog for some days had prevented any airplane reconnaissance.
The American had no idea of the huge build-up in preparation for this
breakthrough. The Germans
spearheaded their attack with two divisions of the huge, heavily armored Tiger
tanks and Panther tanks and they overwhelmed the Americans on the front line.
During the five weeks of that fiercely fought struggle, there
were 77,000 American casualties, killed, wounded or captured.

On Christmas day, our outfit was in position on the north flank of the
German advance. Up in the turret of
our tank, the gunner and I were standing trying to see through the fog when the gunner jabbed me in the ribs
with his elbow and said, “Look at that.”
I whirled around.
A girl, nine or ten years old was walking toward our tank.
She told us that when the fighting came back toward her town, all the
people left. But her grandfather was an invalid and couldn’t travel.
She had stayed behind to take care of him.
She said they had no food left and wondered if we had any to spare. We immediately gave
her all the rations we had in the tank. She
made sort of a basket out of her apron to put them in.
She looked up at us, as she turned to leave, and said, “Oh!
It’s a wonderful, wonderful Christmas after all!”
The marvelous thing is that all of us in the tank agreed with her. It had become a
wonderful Christmas for us, too.

When
Germany surrendered, there was no wild rejoicing — just a stunned shock.
I said I was going over to a nearby barn to offer a prayer
of thanks to God and invited anyone who wished to, to join me.
The whole platoon did. This
is that prayer.

Dear
God, we pause to offer up our simple thanks that this day for which the world
has waited is at hand, God help our
leaders and statesmen to build a world of harmony and brotherhood that these
last years of cruelty and agony may not be repeated.
God help our leaders, and God, help us too, to be worthy of
the fact that we were chosen to survive the war.
Let us not forget our friends who gave their lives that we might see this
day. In their memory may we be
better men, may we have the courage to stand for what we know to be right, and,
if necessary, may we have the courage to carry out whatever tasks are assigned
to us if we are sent to the Japanese war. God,
keep our loved ones safe until we return to them.
Amen.